Giardia in Dogs: Signs, Symptoms and Treatment of This Summer Parasite

As a vet, I see lots of diarrhea — and when I say “lots,” I mean lots. One of the common causes of diarrhea in dogs worldwide is giardia, a parasite that dogs get from drinking from puddles, lakes, streams, or other sources of stagnant water. While it’s a year-round risk, giardia cases peak in the summer because people and pets spend more time outdoors and traveling. Here’s everything you need to know about giardia in dogs, including how to spot it, treat it, and prevent it from happening in the first place.

What is giardia?

Giardia is a ubiquitous single-celled protozoan parasite that can live in the intestines of dogs. The parasite thrives in cool, moist environments and can survive for months in the right conditions. Giardia can infect dogs, cats, wild animals and people too.

How do dogs get giardia?

Giardiasis is transmitted by a fecal-oral route, meaning that the parasite is swallowed in food and water contaminated with feces. Your pet does not have to eat poop to get the parasite. In fact, dogs most commonly get giardia by drinking from contaminated water sources (think: puddles, gutters, lakes, and streams).

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What are the symptoms of giardia in dogs?

Giardia symptoms in dogs can include diarrhea, gas, abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. That said, an infection can be present without symptoms. Not all dogs show symptoms of a giardia infection but when they do the most common symptom is watery diarrhea. Additional giardia symptoms in dogs may include:

• Severe diarrhea (often with blood and mucus)

• Weight loss

• Decreased appetite

• Vomiting

• Gas

• Dehydration

• Dry or poor coat appearance

If your dog has diarrhea that persists beyond 24 hours or is very sudden and severe, take them to the vet ASAP.

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How is giardia in dogs diagnosed?

Diagnosis is often made by evaluating fecal material under a microscope. However, the little parasite giardia can be difficult to find. So, in addition, we use a nifty “snap test,” adding some stool to a solution that gives us a positive or negative result for giardia (like a pregnancy test for poop). This test is very sensitive to the presence of giardia in dogs.

What is the treatment for giardia in dogs?

To treat giardia in dogs, veterinarians will typically prescribe a combination of giardiasis medication such as fenbendazole (dewormer) and metronidazole (antibiotic) for about 10 days. In small puppies or dogs sensitive to this antibiotic, a dewormer known as Panacur can be used instead for five to 10 days. Your pet’s poop should be retested two to four weeks after finishing the medication.

In terms of prevention, ask your vet if they recommend the giardia vaccine. Research shows it can prevent giardia infections in both dogs and humans.

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How long does it take for a dog to recover from giardia?

Most healthy dogs recover from giardia within a few weeks. In some cases, supportive treatment, including IV fluids and hospitalization, may be required if dehydration or severe diarrhea persists. Puppies, senior dogs, and those with compromised immune systems are at higher risk for complications, including death. Your veterinarian will determine the best course of treatment.

How can giardia in dogs be prevented?

The best way to prevent a giardia infection is to keep your dog from drinking from puddles, lakes, streams, or other sources of stagnant water (easier said than done, but effort is everything). Dog park puddles carry a higher risk than, say, fresh rainwater pooled in a birdbath or fountain. Remember, giardia is transmitted orally, and what better place to have concentrated levels of poop than a dog park, especially when some pet parents are not diligent about removing their dog’s poop.

It may also be advisable to treat other animals in the same household while treating the infected, symptomatic pet. There is a vaccine available for giardia in dogs, but most veterinarians don’t recommend it unless your dog is at really high risk or is one of those pets who gets giardiasis frequently.

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There are also environmental control measures that can be taken to prevent reinfection. Be vigilant about clearing fecal material from the environment. If your dog has been diagnosed with Giardia, it is often recommended that you wash as many areas of your environment as possible, followed by disinfection with a solution of bleach diluted in water (another measure that’s easier said than done).

• Pick up your dog’s poop frequently.

• If you have cats (indoors or outdoors), pick up their poop too.

• Clean your dog’s bowls regularly with soap and water.

• Wash your dog’s toys and bedding often.

• Disinfect areas such as crates and kennels

• Avoid walking your dog in moist areas where other dogs or wildlife may have pooped.

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FAQs (People Also Ask):

Can giardia infections recur?

Yes, dogs can easily reinfect themselves with giardia. That's why it's important to thoroughly clean all the areas your dog may have touched.

Is giardia more common in puppies?

Because their immune systems aren't as developed as older dogs, puppies are more likely to contract Giardia.

Is there a vaccine available to prevent giardia in puppies?

Yes, the giardia vaccine can keep your dog from getting sick. Ask your veterinarian if it's right for your pup.

Can I get giardia from my dog?

It’s possible but unlikely. There are several kinds of giardia and dogs are most commonly infected with a variant that doesn’t infect humans.

References

• Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in dogs and cats: Veterinary and public health importance

• Giardia in Dogs

• Guard Against Giardia in Dogs

• Giardia for Pet Owners

• Enteropathogen infections in canine puppies: (Co-)occurrence, clinical relevance and risk factors

• Giardia: Infection, treatment and prevention